Origin of amorphous alloy
Silicon steel and permalloy soft magnetic materials are crystalline materials, atoms are arranged regularly in three-dimensional space to form a periodic lattice structure, there are grains, grain boundaries, dislocations, interstitial atoms, magnetic crystal anisotropy, etc. Defects are not good for soft magnetic properties. From the perspective of magnetic physics, an amorphous structure with irregular arrangement of atoms, no periodicity and no grain boundaries is ideal for obtaining excellent soft magnetic properties. Amorphous metals and alloys are a new field of materials that came out in the 1970s. Its preparation technology is completely different from the traditional method. Instead, it adopts the ultra-rapid solidification technology with a cooling rate of about one million degrees per second. From molten steel to the finished thin strip, it is formed at one time, which is better than the general cold-rolled metal thin strip manufacturing process. Many intermediate processes are reduced, and this new process is called a revolution to the traditional metallurgical process. Due to ultra-rapid cooling and solidification, when the alloy is solidified, the atoms have no time to arrange and crystallize in an orderly manner. The obtained solid alloy has a long-range disordered structure, and there are no grains and grain boundaries of the crystalline alloy. It is called an amorphous alloy and is called a metallurgical material. A revolution in learning. This amorphous alloy has many unique properties, such as excellent magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high strength, hardness and toughness, high electrical resistivity and electromechanical coupling performance, etc. Because of its excellent performance and simple process, it has become the focus of research and development in the field of material science at home and abroad since the 1980s. The United States, Japan, and Germany already have complete production scales, and a large number of amorphous alloy products gradually replace silicon steel, permalloy and ferrite and rush to the market.
China has started the research and development of amorphous alloys since the 1970s. After the completion of major scientific and technological research projects during the 'Sixth Five-Year Plan', 'Seventh Five-Year Plan' and 'Eighth Five-Year Plan', a total of 134 scientific research achievements have been achieved, and the National Invention Award 2 items, 16 won, and nearly 100 alloy varieties. The General Institute of Iron and Steel Research currently has 4 production lines for amorphous alloy strips and one production line for iron cores for amorphous alloy components. Production of iron-based, iron-nickel-based, cobalt-based and nanocrystalline strips and iron cores of various shapes, suitable for iron core components of inverter power supplies, switching power supplies, power transformers, leakage protectors, and inductors, with an annual output value of nearly 2,000 ten thousand yuan. During the 'Ninth Five-Year Plan', a thousand-ton iron-based amorphous production line is being established, and it has entered the ranks of the international advanced level.
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